Analisis Karakteristik Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro Aluminium 6061 dengan Variasi Temperatur Reforming pada Sidewall Prototype KCMP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v10i1.551Keywords:
Aluminium 6061, Reforming, Sifat mekanik, Struktur mikroAbstract
Aluminium 6061 banyak digunakan dalam industri perkeretaapian karena sifatnya yang ringan, tahan korosi, dan memiliki kemampuan bentuk yang baik. Namun, proses pengelasan sering menimbulkan distorsi yang berdampak pada penurunan performa mekanik. Riset ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi temperatur reforming terhadap sifat mekanik dan mikrostruktur Aluminium 6061 yang diaplikasikan pada sidewall prototype Kereta Cepat Merah Putih (KCMP). Metode eksperimental dilakukan melalui uji tarik, uji tekuk, uji kekerasan Vickers, serta pengamatan mikrostruktur pada material Aluminium 6061 dengan ketebalan 8 mm yang mengalami perlakuan reforming pada rentang temperatur 125–150 °C, 175–200 °C, dan 225–250 °C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan temperatur reforming menyebabkan penurunan yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, tegangan tekuk, dan kekerasan, namun meningkatkan elongasi sehingga memperbaiki daktilitas material. Analisis mikrostruktur mengonfirmasi berkurangnya presipitat Mg₂Si pada temperatur tinggi yang berdampak pada penurunan kekerasan. Kinerja paling optimal diperoleh pada perlakuan temperatur 175–200 °C. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa temperatur reforming berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku mekanik dan karakteristik mikrostruktur Aluminium 6061 pada penggunaan sidewall KCMP.
Downloads
References
[1] A. Purba, Buku Monograf; Kereta Cepat Evolusi dan Perkembangan Terkini. In: Kereta Cepat Evolusi dan Perkembangan Terkini. Bandar Lampung: Graha Ilmu-Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Lampung, 2018.
[2] H. Hidayat, “Optimasi Parameter Proses Anodisasi Aluminium 6061 untuk Komponen Otomotif,” J. Penelit. Enj., vol. 25, hlm. 85–91, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25042/jpe.112021.01
[3] N. Hutasoit, M. A. Javed, R. A. R. Rashid, S. Wade, dan S. Palanisamy, “Effects of build orientation and heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Al6061 aluminium parts built by cold spray additive manufacturing process,” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 204, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106526
[4] B. Zamzami, U. Budiarto, dan S. Jokosiswono, “Pengaruh variasi temperatur PWHT terhadap kekuatan tarik, impak, dan struktur mikro aluminium 6061 pasca pengelasan MIG,” Jurnal Teknik Perkapalan, vol. 11, hlm. 13–21, 2023.
[5] P. D. Sanjaya, “Dokumen Observasi. Pengaplikasian Aluminium 6061 pada Sidewall Prototype KCMP,” 2025.
[6] K. Carpenter dan A. Tabei, “On Residual Stress Development, Prevention, and Compensation in Metal Additive Manufacturing,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 2, hlm. 255, Jan 2020, doi: 10.3390/ma13020255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020255
[7] D. Xie dkk., “Towards a comprehensive understanding of distortion in additive manufacturing based on assumption of constraining force,” Virtual and Physical Prototyping, vol. 16, no. sup1, hlm. S85–S97, Sep 2021, doi: 10.1080/17452759.2021.1881873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2021.1881873
[8] Novianto, I. Setiawan, dan A. Pramono, “Pengaruh Temperatur PWHT Terhadap Struktur Mikro, Uji Kekerasan Dan Uji Tarik Pada Proses Pengelasan Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Aluminium 5083,” Jurnal Teknik Mesin, vol. 13, no. 2, hlm. 50–55, 2020.
[9] S. Yulianto, “Analisa Pengaruh Hardening terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro Baja S45C,” Jurnal Ismetek, vol. 14, no. 1, hlm. 112–115, 2022.
[10] M. R. Arimurti dkk., “Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characteristics of Aluminum 6061 under Reforming Temperature Variations in the KCMP Sidewall Prototype,” vol. 10, no. 4, 2025.
[11] Y. I. Chrissanda dkk., “Pengaruh temperatur reforming terhadap sifat mekanik dan metalografi material aluminium 6061 pada sidewall kereta,” Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia (Indonesian Railway Journal), vol. 9, hlm. 30–36, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v9i1.384
[12] Z. Zulhanif dan Z. Hasymi, “Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Artificial Aging Pada Aluminium 6061 Terhadap Sifat Kekerasan Dan Strukur Mikro,” MECH_JTM, vol. 14, no. 2, hlm. 184, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/mech.v14i2.3662
[13] R. Ardiansyah, “Pengaruh Variasi Welding Pressure pada Proses Resistance Spot Welding terhadap Kualitas Sambungan untuk Sidewall Kereta Api KRL KCI di PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero),” Tugas Akhir, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, 2024.
[14] W. D. Callister dan D. G. Rethwisch, Materials Science and Enggineering, 10 ed. United States of America: John Willey & Sons, Inc, 2018.
[15] ASTM B209/B209M, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate. Unites States: ASTM International, 2021.
[16] M. Opprecht, J.-P. Garandet, G. Roux, C. Flament, dan M. Soulier, “A solution to the hot cracking problem for aluminium alloys manufactured by laser beam melting,” Acta Materialia, vol. 197, hlm. 40–53, Sep 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.015
[17] M. Z. Mahbub dan H. Oktadinata, “Pengaruh Masukan Panas terhadap Distorsi dan Sifat Mekanik pada Pengelasan Dissimilar Baja AISI 304 dan Baja SS400 Menggunakan Metode GTAW,” Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, vol. 11, no. 1, 2023.
[18] S. Y. Kristanta, A. Setyani, S. Sudaryanto, M. Syukron, dan M. Santoso, “A Review of Reforming Processes in the Railway Manufacturing Industry : Case Study of PT. Industri Kereta Api (Persero),” j. of. metallurgical. eng. and. process. technol., vol. 5, no. 1, hlm. 114, Agu 2024, doi: 10.31315/jmept.v5i1.12772. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jmept.v5i1.12772
[19] I. Guzmán-Flores dkk., “Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of a 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Heat Treatment from the Perspective of Taguchi Design-of-Experiments,” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 13, hlm. 5407, Jun 2024, doi: 10.3390/app14135407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135407
[20] W. Guan dkk., “Influence of artificial aging time on bending characteristics of 6061 aluminum sheet,” Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, vol. 51, no. 11, hlm. 1533–1542, Nov 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000100
[21] Q. Li, X. Bao, C. Fan, X. Zhang, dan Y. Lan, “The Influence of Multi-Phase Intermetallic Compounds on the Microstructure and Tribological Behaviors of 6061 Al Alloy by Adding AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy,” International Journal of Metalcasting, vol. 16, hlm. 871–877, Jul 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00631-6
[22] ASTM E8/E8M, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, 2022.
[23] ASTM E290, Standard Test Method for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility, 2022.
[24] ASTM E92, Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials.
[25] Z. Jia, Z. Luo, G. Hu, dan H. Zhang, “Impact of heat treatment parameters on the plastic properties of 6061 aluminum alloy,” Materials, vol. 18, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18081705
[26] M. Shekarzadeh dan E. Hosseini, “Investigation of Single-stage and Two-stage Forming Limit Curve of Aluminum 6061 with Different Temperatures and Strain Rates,” Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng., vol. 19, no. 2, hlm. 9859–9871, Agu 2022, doi: 10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.18.0760. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.18.0760
[27] A. Ahmad, N. Afzal, dan M. Rafique, “Structural And Mechanical Response of Artificially Aged Aluminum Alloy 6061,” Strength of Materials, vol. 53, hlm. 502–510, Okt 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-021-00311-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-021-00311-0
[28] J. Sidik, M. Sholihin, dan R. Arthur, “Pengaruh variasi temperatur perlakuan panas aging terhadap sifat mekanik aluminium AA 6061,” TRAKSI: Majalah Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, vol. 19, no. 1, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/traksi.19.1.2019.1-8
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia (Indonesian Railway Journal)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, the copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia (Indonesian Railway Journal).
