Analysis of Quenching Media Variation on the Mechanical Properties and Intergranular Corrosion Formation of Stainless Steel 201 in the Middle Part of the Underframe of Train 612
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v9i2.552Keywords:
Stainless steel 201, quenching medium, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, intergranular corrosion.Abstract
Quenching is a rapid post-weld cooling method intended to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of materials. In the fabrication of the 612 railcar underframe at PT Industri Kereta Api (INKA), the 201 stainless steel material indicated the occurrence of intergranular corrosion after the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. This study applied three quenching media variations—non-quenching, compressed-air quenching, and water quenching—to analyze their effects on tensile strength, fatigue resistance, hardness, corrosion resistance, and macro- and microstructures. The results show that compressed-air quenching produced the highest Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), reaching 653.67 MPa with 35.90% elongation, while the non-quenching condition exhibited the highest yield strength (YS) of 425.90 MPa. The highest hardness value, 228.4 HV, was obtained in the HAZL zone under compressed-air quenching. In the fatigue test, all variations withstood up to 1,000,000 cycles at a maximum stress range of 0.024–0.081 GPa; however, the non-quenching condition demonstrated a longer fatigue life at high stress levels. The corrosion test results indicate that water quenching produced the lowest corrosion rate at 0.001 mm/month (0.008 mm/year), followed by compressed-air quenching at 0.012 mm/year and non-quenching at 0.020 mm/year. Based on the microstructural examination, water quenching exhibited the least intergranular corrosion due to reduced chromium-carbide precipitation. This research contributes to the optimization of post-weld cooling treatments to prevent intergranular corrosion in railcar underframes, thereby enhancing operational reliability and safety.
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